Reduction (Kısaltma Yapıları) Konu Özeti

Reduction, cümlelerin bazı yapısal öğelerinin anlam kaybı olmadan kısaltılmasıdır. Genellikle relative clauses, adverbial clauses ve passive structures üzerinde uygulanır. Amaç, daha akıcı ve akademik bir ifade oluşturmaktır.

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1. Relative Clauses Reduction

Anlam: İsmi tanımlayan cümleciklerin kısaltılması

Örnek:

The book that is written by her is interesting. → The book written by her is interesting.

Kural:

• who / which / that kaldırılır
• Active yapı → V-ing
• Passive yapı → V3

Örnekler:

• The students who are studying → The students studying
• The car which was parked outside → The car parked outside

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2. Adverbial Clauses Reduction

Anlam: Zaman, sebep ve koşul cümleciklerinin kısaltılması

Örnek:

While she was reading, she found an article. → While reading, she found an article.

Kural:

• Özne aynıysa kaldırılır
• be fiili silinir
• Fiil genellikle -ing formuna gelir

Örnekler:

• After she finished her homework → After finishing her homework
• Because she was tired → Being tired
• If you study hard → Studying hard (koşul anlamı bağlama bağlıdır)

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3. Passive Reduction

Anlam: Edilgen yapılarda kısaltma

Örnek:

The report that is being prepared will be presented tomorrow. → The report being prepared will be presented tomorrow.

Kural:

• am/is/are/was/were + V3 → V3
• devam eden passive: being + V3

Örnekler:

• The task which was assigned → The task assigned
• The materials that are being used → The materials being used

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4. Active Reduction

Anlam: Aktif cümlelerin kısaltılması

Kural:

• Fiil -ing formuna getirilir
• Özne aynı olmalıdır

Örnekler:

• The man who is running → The man running
• The woman who was cooking → The woman cooking

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5. Perfect Reduction (Özel Durum)

Anlam: Önce gerçekleşen eylemlerde kısaltma

Örnek:

After she had finished the project, she rested. → Having finished the project, she rested.

Kural:

• Having + V3

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📌 Özet